Limited Scleroderma Or CREST (part 2 of 2)

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What Causes It?

Crest happens when the body’s immune system would attack itself instead of protecting it causing numerous damages to the affected area. While this is understood, the cause of scleroderma is not clearly understood however, there are some factors that could play a role these would include genes. A person with defective genes is said to be more susceptible to scleroderma or some would say that scleroderma can be inherited.

Environmental factors could also cause scleroderma as unwanted factors in the environment such as bacteria and viruses are possible causes of it. It could also be the female hormones, since females are four times more likely to develop the illness than men are. While these may attempt to solve the unknown cause of scleroderma, none of them are proven yet and these are still theories.

How Does This Develop?

While the first signs of limited scleroderma just happens to your skin, it may make everyday living more difficult for you. However, the real pain starts if the condition would spread inside you affecting other organs. Some complications that would involve scleroderma are gastro-intestinal problems of which will make it more difficult for you to process food into waste, digital ulcers which happen when blood flow is restricted to the fingers and toes that in turn would cause ulcer.

Scleroderma can also lead to lung problems if the lungs are affected and as well as the kidneys. If any of these two organs are affected, that in turn could also cause heart problems. Other problems that are results of scleroderma are dental problems, arthritis, sicca syndrome and depression or anxiety.

Limited Scleroderma Or CREST (part 1 of 2)

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Scleroderma happens when the body’s immune system begins attacking its own tissues instead of protecting them. This causes the affected area to thicken that in turn would limit blood flow and limit the organ’s function. Scleroderma can affect everyone but the most affected are women that are between the ages 30 and 50. This rarely happens among Northern Asians and in children and is inherent in African-American women and the Native American Choctaw tribe.

There are two main forms of scleroderma. These are systemic sclerosis which would affect two or more areas and is the more fatal form and CREST or limited scleroderma. Although limited scleroderma can be disabling, it is not very likely that it can cause death unless the condition will progress into something worse. CREST usually affects the lower arms and legs, the face and the neck and tends to progress much slower than systemic sclerosis.

What Are The Symptoms Of Crest?

CREST is an acronym for its major symptoms. C in crest stands for calcinosis which is characterized by calcium deposits forming under the skin mainly on the knees, elbows and fingers. Another symptom is Raynaud’s phenomenon which is one of the most common symptoms of any form on sclerosis. This usually begins by color changes, numbness and pain in the fingers and is caused when blood flow is limited towards the fingers.

Another common symptom of CREST is esophageal dysfunction. People with limited scleroderma often experience problems with their esophagus which makes swallowing difficult for them. They could also experience thickening in various parts of the body particularly the fingers, legs, chest, arms and legs. This condition is known as sclerodactyly. The last symptom is telangiectasia which is a collection of blood vessels on the surface of the skin.

Different Types of Drugs that Can Cause Mood Swings (part 2 of 2)

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Over-the-counter drugs that have amphetamine-like effects are frequently being abused by some users.  Because of its stimulant effects, it helps keep people awake and alert.  It can also suppress the appetite, making it the drug of choice of people who want to lose weight.

The problem is that amphetamines are also drugs that cause mood swings.  People who use them frequently exhibit insomnia, restlessness and irritability.  In some cases, it can even cause tremors.

LSD
LSD or lysergic acid diethylamide is a synthetic substance, a drug that was made popular in the 60s and 70s.  It is a hallucinogenic drug, capable of changing the user's perception of reality.  It is so strong that it can work even in very small doses.

Like most drugs, LSD can also lead to mood swings.  Although its initial effects are mainly producing hallucinations, it can create confusion and anxiety in users.

There are also other naturally-occurring drugs that function in similar ways to LSD.  Peyote, for example, contains mescaline, while certain types of mushrooms contain psilocybin.  These ingredients both produce hallucinations, which made them very popular for use by people practicing certain religious rituals.

Although both substances are quite effective, they are not as potent as LSD, which is 200 times more potent than psilocybin and around 4,000 times more powerful than mescaline.

Antidepressants
Antidepressants are prescription drugs that change the levels of neurotransmitters in the body, including norepinephrine and serotonin.  Antidepressants include monoamine oxidase inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclics.  Although quite effective, these drugs do have side effects, including mood swings.

Different Types of Drugs that Can Cause Mood Swings (part 1 of 2)

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Drugs, particularly recreational ones, have a nasty reputation for causing mood swings and hallucinations.  Most of the drugs that are popular among users and addicts today are especially prized or formulated for their specific effects.  Unfortunately, these very same effects could also become uncontrolled, creating unpleasant physical, mental and emotional stress.  Often, these emotions can be either extremely positive or extremely negative.  Depending on the amount of drugs that enters the body and the person's own physiological reactions to it, mood swings can be prolonged and intense.

Drugs that can cause mood swings
There are several types of drugs that lead to mood swings.  These are:

Cocaine
Cocaine was a drug that soared in popularity in the 80s and 90s.  It is a known stimulant that may be dissolved and taken through an IV, although it is commonly inhaled.  Cocaine, like its derivative crack, produces a feeling of intense euphoria, which makes it very popular with users.  It can quickly stimulate the central nervous system, increasing energy and confidence and reducing inhibition.

The problem with cocaine is that once the initial effects wear off, the negative effects begin.  This is then replaced by depression, guilt, anxiety and nervousness, exactly the opposite of the emotions it produces initially.

Inhalants
Inhalants frequently come in the form of adhesives such as glues, gasoline, aerosol propellants, spray paints and cleaning liquids.  Although safe in small quantities and if used as indicated, inhalants may be abused.

Inhalants produce a 'high' but this is only temporary.  Unless a new 'hit' is taken, the user could begin to suffer from negative emotions, leading to mood swings.

Amphetamines
Amphetamines were the drug of choice for nearly two decades starting in the 1950s.  It was actually a prescription drug, used to treat mild depression, fatigue and obesity.  The only problem is that amphetamines can lead to addiction, which has now severely limited its use today.

Merchant Account Fees (part 2 of 2)

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• Monthly Minimum Fee is based on the merchant transaction and discount rate fees from the card sales every month. This is not an extra fee but a minimum amount that the processor or merchant account provider needs to have in fees.

• Surcharge fee can be under a different name like partially-qualified fees or non-qualified fees. These fees are additional discount rates that some cards are charged and may apply only on certain card types.

• Application or set up fee is only charged one-time. This is only charged when the account is setup. There are some merchant service providers who do not charge this fee anymore.

• Programming/Reprogramming fees apply to retail merchants who have changed from one provider to another. For reprogramming, it is applied whenever there is a need to reprogram a piece of existing equipment software.

• Annual fee are sometimes charged by the providers.

• Chargebacks and retrieval fees are related to customer or issuing bank disputing a transaction that was processed. A large number of chargebacks can cause your merchant account to be dropped totally and leave you in a bind when trying to get another merchant account for your business. As a merchant, it is important that a merchant take the necessary steps to reduce and potentially eliminate the instances of chargebacks.

• Cancellation fee is significant cost in setting up and maintaining a merchant account for a business and this fee helps recoup some of those losses should a merchant cancel, especially in the beginning.

• There are hidden or junk fees that merchants are not aware of. Some of the hidden fee is for a merchant account provider to offer a teaser rate that is extremely low, but the teaser rate is just temporary and goes up after a few moths while the application is still in process.

Knowing and understanding the merchant account rates and fees will enable the merchant to identify the best service or account provider.  It is also important to know the different fees, so that you know where you’re hard earned money go to.

Merchant Account Fees (part 1 of 2)

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Whenever a merchant or a business owner is choosing a merchant account provider, looking at and trying to understand the numerous fees is always confusing. Let us try to look and try differentiate these dizzying fees.

• Discount rate makes up the majority of the costs when getting and paying for merchant account service. This is a fixed percentage amount that is deducted from the purchase cost or charged on every transaction. It usually range from 1.49 to 4 percent for every transaction.

• Transaction fees are charged by the processor to process each transaction. It is charged on every transaction, regardless of whether or not the transaction is approved or declined. It’s amount range from 20 to 30 cents.

• PIN Debit transaction fees are only applicable if cards will be swiped and only applies to debit cards. This is a fixed transaction fee and is usually around 70 cents.

• Address Verification Service Transaction Fee (AVS) applies only to merchants who are not swiping cards.  AVS provides address and zip code lookup on the cardholder and reduces the possibility of fraud.

• Daily Batch Fee is charged by some processors when merchants settle daily batch and transfer the settled fund into the merchant’s account. No transactions, no charged.

• Monthly statement fee is charged at the end of each month. It is a fixed fee, regardless of the number of transactions made in a particular month.

• The Internet Gateway Fee only applies if you are using an Internet Payment Gateway. The gateway fee is a monthly fee assessed by the gateway provider and is usually billed directly by the provider.

• Voice authorization fee is only charged when you call in your transaction an 800 number. It is used if the terminal or software the merchant using is not working and the merchant need to perform an authorization.

Knitting Patterns For Beginners (part 2 of 2)

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By using knitting patterns for beginners, you can make simple party wraps, which add a touch of elegance to your party wear. These wraps are easy to make, as the only skill required apart from knitting and purling is the basic increasing and decreasing. You can also use the stockinet stitch to combine simplicity and fashion. The fuzzy yarn and the floppy style hides any mistake made during knitting, hence this pattern is best suited for all the beginners attempting knitting.

Once you get a nag of knitting, you will look forward to try out other knitting patterns for beginners, to prepare wash cloths and dish cloths. To prepare a hassle free, quick wash cloth you can use the broken rib stitch. This gives a great effect to your normal wash cloth. And you get a lot of practice by knitting such items. In method you have to cast on 61 stitches and use the knit and the purl stitch to complete your wash cloth. This method consists of repeating the two stitches alternately.

To produce a soft wash cloth use 100 percent cotton yarn and a pair of size 7 US needles. This pattern is suitable for beginner as it is quick and easy. After practice you can easily create variations in your object, to create different effects.

The knitting patterns for beginners, encourages the young knitters to try out different stitches to produce beautiful knitted articles. As these patterns are easy and quick, your knitting experience will be hassle free.

These patterns make knitting a quick and trouble-free process.